Staph aureus sketchy micro3/15/2024 ![]() ![]() ![]() Initial treatment of IE consists of empiric IV antibiotics, which are then adapted to blood culture results and continued for several weeks. Diagnosis is made based on the Duke criteria, the main features of which are positive blood cultures and evidence of endocardial involvement on echocardiography. Management is complex and infectious disease specialists should be involved early. Clinical features include constitutional symptoms (fatigue, fever/chills, malaise), signs of pathological cardiac changes (e.g., new or changed heart murmur, heart failure signs), and, in some cases, manifestations of subsequent damage to other organs (e.g., glomerulonephritis, septic embolic stroke). Acute bacterial endocarditis is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus and causes rapid destruction of endocardial tissue, while subacute bacterial endocarditis is most commonly caused by viridans streptococci and generally affects individuals with preexisting damage to the heart valves, structural heart defects, or prosthetic valves. IE may be acute (developing over hours or days) or subacute (progressive over weeks to months). The condition is usually a result of bacteremia, which is most commonly caused by dental procedures, surgery, distant primary infections, and nonsterile injections. Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardium that typically affects one or more heart valves. ![]()
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